Wednesday, October 30, 2019
See attachment for essay question Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words
See attachment for question - Essay Example This paper shall now discuss the preceding statement, examining the implications of such statement for social work practice. It shall define madness based on a technical and operational definition of the term as will now be used and applied in this paper. It shall then discuss where madness originated from, focusing on the evolution of the thought processes related to the current concept and understanding of madness. This paper shall apply madness and its concepts to social work and their work with service users. It shall also cover relevant legislation. Finally, this paper shall discuss the ethics and values of social work in relation to madness. This paper is being undertaken in order to assess and evaluate the current subject matter and how it affects the current social work practice. It ultimately aims to ensure a more profound, academics, scholarly application, and evidence-based application of the subject matter. The Cambridge Dictionaries Online (2010) defines madness as â€Å"the state of being mentally ill or unable to behave in a reasonable way†. This definition is again another generic definition of madness, one that can even easily be interchanged with the term crazy or insane. Nevertheless, the definition points out important elements about one’s state of mind in this condition of madness – which it relates to a state of being in an unreasonable or illogical state of mind. The mental processes and the normal logical thoughts of a person are compromised in times of madness; hence, in instances when one is not logically processing ideas and thoughts, some people are prone to label such person as ‘mad.’ The Encyclopedie (as cited by Foucault, 2005, p. 98) sets forth that madness means to â€Å"depart from reason with confidence and in the firm conviction that one is following it†. There is a broken relationship between man and his reason and the p erson believes that his mind is
Monday, October 28, 2019
Psychology-Decision Making Essay Example for Free
Psychology-Decision Making Essay Abstract            How does it happen that managers take decisions which lead them to failures? What decision-making mechanisms do they inactivate when they take such decisions? This paper is aimed at analyzing these psychological implications. Psychology Decision Making            Introduction              It is not rare that managers take decisions which lead them to failure. These failures often become the headlines and the top stories of newspapers and magazines. However, has anyone analyzed the psychological implications of such decisions? What psychological theories could explain such managers’ behavior, and what useful recommendations could be drawn from such cases?            Problem identification            The case of Sears, when owned by Edward S. Lampert, is the most recent example of a large managerial mistake, having led to significant financial and economic losses. On January 29, 2008 Lampert pushed out his chief executive, but what is more important, he took decision to distance himself from the day-to-day management of his enterprise. â€Å"Until now, the heads of several major departments, like marketing and merchandising, reported directly to Mr. Lampert, even though he has no background in retailing or advertising†(Barbaro, 2008). It is crucial to understand, how Lampert came to the idea of day-to-day management of his enterprise, although he did not have enough professional skills for that  Theoretical background            It is stated, that â€Å"we are likely, social constructed individuals. Our experiences, our cultures, our social order, shape our motivations, our desires, and our beliefs about the world we encounter†(Plous, 1993). Our management decisions are shaped are also shaped under the impact of business environment and the objectives we expect to meet in our management activity. We tend to take decisions, which are primary based on our perception of the world around us (Connolly, 2000). One of the major problems in management decision making is in that a person can hardly be objective in taking decisions. The lack of objectivity leads to the situation, when we do not take into account multiple environmental factors, impacting our decisions.            Evidently, there cannot be any better explanation to Lampert’s decision, that the self-perception theory. This theory deals with the human perceptions and the ways they incorporate their perceptions into their daily behavior (Plous, 1993). To be clear, Lampert’s expectations and beliefs into his managerial skills and the ability to cope with a large retail enterprise were not justified from the start. In this case, the major question to be answered was â€Å"what am I to do to make this enterprise profitable?†Trying to answer this question, and taking decisions in the discussed framework, Lampert has concluded that the best solution for the situation would be tying himself to the daily company’s activity. Moreover, it was not enough for him to stay ahead; he had to manage, but this decision lacked theoretical and practical foundations. This is how Lampert’s pseudo opinions impacted the overall performance of the company (Plous, 1993). Respondents are influenced by pseudo opinions when they do not know much about the issue or when they know nothing about it (Plous, 1993). In Lampert’s case, attribution heuristics has greatly contributed into the negative decision outcomes: Lampert was obviously justifying his behavior as situationally-produced. As a result, he has underestimated the lack of his managerial skills (Plous, 1993).            Critical thinking is the integral part of the decision making process. â€Å"Most international managers find it extremely challenging to evaluate a written or spoken commentary on a hot topic because both sides of the controversy seem to have good arguments†(Safi Burrell, 2007). Has Lampert’s decision been caused by critical thinking approach? Definitely, it has: for a long period of time, Sears was criticized for lacking a management team with retail experience and for Lampert’s being a micromanager who hampered the business (Barbaro, 2008). As a result, Lampert was driven to the situation in which he had to admit his managerial mistakes due to the two facts: the external criticism, and the objective financial data confirming the $14 million financial losses.            Recommendations            The case of Edward S. Lampert is a brilliant example of a situation, in which successful manager has overestimated his skills and has not applied any critical thinking approach before the decision was made. As a result, numerous pseudo opinions and the lack of objective information have led to significant gaps in the company’s performance. In order to take a good decision, a manager must â€Å"understand, what result is desirable and the tools available to us for making good decisions†(Safi Burrell, 2007). There are several recommendations for a manager in similar situations. First, it is crucial that the manager avoids pseudo opinions. In this aspect, the wording of the question to answer is very important. In order to create effective decisions, managers must be able to formulate the questions. Properly wording the issue crucially impacts the effectiveness of the chosen answers, and as a result, the managerial activities which lead or do not lead to business success. â€Å"Be honest with yourself about the agendas and motives. Are you really gathering information to help you make a smart choice, or are you just looking for evidence confirming your preconceived notions?†(Safi Burrell, 2007). Not only objectivity and evaluation of one’s skills have led Sears to failure. It is also the inability to properly formulate the goals of such actions: what aims did Lampert have in his actions? Did he want to promote his enterprise profitability or himself as a successful manager? He had to answer those questions before he undertook any real actions which later almost pushed the company into the flow of negative consequences.            Conclusion            In his decision to quit day-to-day management of Sears, Lampert has finally come to one of the crucial elements in the decision-making process: he was able to recall the key facts and decision-making variables. The list of these variables included financial indices and persistent criticism of Sears’ performance. As a result, Lampert was finally able to take the best decision possible in the problematic situation. However, it is still unclear whether hiring a new CEO was based on any objective grounds or would require thorough re-consideration in the nearest future. One may hope that this re-consideration will not be caused by a new management decision-making failure. References Barbaro, M. (2008). Sears’ chairman will take a step back. The New York Times. Retrieved February 1, 2008 from http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/29/business/29sears.html?ref=businessqG4vaywTPkZypAw Connolly, T. (2000). Judgment and decision making: An interdisciplinary reader. Cambridge University Press. Plous, S. (1993). The Psychology of judgment and decision making. McGraw-Hill. Safi, A. Burrell, D.N. (2007). Developing advanced decision-making skills in international leaders and managers. Vikalpa, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 1-8.
Saturday, October 26, 2019
Should Britain Join The Single Currency? :: essays research papers
The debate has waged for several years now, ever since news of a single European Economic Union came first surfaced nearly fifteen years ago. The idea was simple, and focused on allowing multi-national European countries greater ease, and cost effective benefits when trading between countries. In a sense, the EEC was trying to implement an economic model similar to that of the United States, where amongst all fifty of the states there existed a single currency under a central federal bank that controlled the national interest rate level and other currency issues. Thus trade between the states was eased, promoting companies both with nation-wide interests, and those wishing to build from regional to nation wide platforms. However, since the official launch of the â€Å"Euro†in January of 1999, Britain, along with Sweden and the Dutch population, have chosen to remain isolated from this conglomerate, creating what many term a â€Å"two-speed†European economy. But why d oes the Britain business sector choose to remain isolated from this currency? This essay will attempt to examine both the positive and negative aspects of joining the single currency, while analyzing the forces behind Britain’s involvement.      So what exactly are the benefits of a single currency for Britain’s business sector? First of all, firms that export a lot to other countries within the euro zone don't have to bear the costs of exchanging profits into their home currency anymore. Multinationals also save a lot of money if all their subsidiaries trade in the same currency. Smaller firms suddenly are finding customers in regions they thought they could never be bothered to export to. The disappearance of these transaction costs is bound to boost economic growth, and will make goods cheaper for consumers. And even the weak euro has been a boon for the euro zone, as its exports to the United States and the UK have become more competitive. The Financial Times noted, while the value of the euro has been decreasing, exports have risen from 50 billion euros, to now 75 billion euros annually.      Furthermore, one currency across Europe increases the urge for companies to do business across the continent. For a start, it is easier to raise the cash to do a deal. Secondly, the fact of the single currency makes it easier to do business in other European countries, encouraging companies already lured by the prospect of boosting their revenues by entering new markets.
Thursday, October 24, 2019
Online marketing vs Traditional marketing Essay
Traditional marketing have many advertisement methods that have been used in the past. By saying this, we can assume business cards, print ads in magazines or newspapers, posters, radio, television commercials, brochures and billboards. Traditional marketing uses anything as long as is not digital to â€Å"brand†your product or company logo into the minds of people. People sometimes can find you or your business in a network or referrals and they will definitely come to trust you and the work you are doing. And digital marketing also still evolving and will be updating as long as technology continues to make advancements. Digital marketing includes things such as a website, banner ads, social media mentions, or YouTube videos for example. The goal of digital marketing is for people to find you. They might find you or your web-site through an organic search, paid search, social networking or by reading a post or comment that you have published online it can be an ad or an article. Once they become familiar with your brand through your online presence, a trust will develop. With the help of traditional marketing a business can reach a specific target audience that may not have access to the internet and this can be the only way to reach certain people. Certain customers may also prefer a physical printed piece to view. On the other hand, a key digital marketing objective is engaging customers and allowing them to interact with the brand through servicing and delivery of digital media. This is achieved by designing digital media in such a way that it requires some type of end user action to view or receive the motive behind that media’s creation. 2. CONTENT a) Digital Market When is it used? Some companies have some big goals that they want to achieve, in order to make that happen they try to get customers from everywhere. In this case, digital marketing is going to be very effective for them as they want to advertise in the whole country/continent or world. Using internet or smart phones as a medium to advertise your product will be nothing difficult for a digital marketing strategy. Why using digital marketing: Digital media is so deep that consumers have access to information any time and any place they want it. Forgotten are the days when the messages people got about your products or services were sent by you and having info about only what you wanted them to know. Today, we use digital marketing because it makes our business life easier and faster. We can also consider saying that more effective because people do not use the old method as much as they used to do. How to use digital marketing: Marketers use digital marketing to make more people know about their product. Sending info out about your product trough internet in some famous web-pages such as Facebook, Hotmail, Yahoo or Twitter, makes it easier for people to see it and put some interest if they find it interesting. Just open a web-site and expose or advertise your business and all the product you offer. You must make it look interesting and colourful to attract visitor’s attention so that more people will know about your business. Big companies such as Amazon and a big name as EMIRATES use digital marketing and that helps those companies to be known by a lot of people worldwide. b) Traditional Markets When to use it? How to use it? Direct Mail: When it comes to your direct mail strategy, here’s the thing: Shift your mind-set dramatically. If you’re used to direct mail, I think you’ll find the easiest transition into more friendly people turf in email marketing. It will help promote new products or services in a similar way to direct mail. One piece of content for one person, but allows you to personalize your messaging more easily, and more efficiently, than personalized print marketing. These efficiencies will enable you to reallocate budget to other aspects of your marketing strategy. Most importantly, it’s measurable. Direct mail is often feast or famine, but email marketing is easier to track and improve upon. By analysing open and click through rates, you can more effectively make the necessary adjustments to increase conversion rates. Email Blasts to Purchase Lists: Before you consider ditching your entire email strategy, make sure that a lot of people are already utilising it. According to a study by Pew Research Centre, 90% of people use the internet to send and receive email at least occasionally. Print and Advertising: As people focus more their attention to a second screen, so should you. There are lots of video online that people are watching. Find out where, and look into methods of advertisement there†¦ or better, yet creating your own online videos and showing up your YouTube presence. The same applies to print, people prefer digital subscriptions to the touch and feel of paper. Considering the nature of your product or service, shift your budget away from physical media as much as possible in order to attract a more digital, multi-screen generation of buyers. 3. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF TRADITIONAL AND DIGITAL MARKETS. a) Advantages of Digital Marketing: Reduced cost: a business can develop its online marketing strategy for very little cost and can potentially replace costly advertising channels such as Yellow Pages, television, radio and magazine. Simple to measure: One can see in real time what is or is not working for your business online and you can adapt very quickly to improve your results unlike in the traditional method. Brand Development: A well utilized website with quality content targeting the needs and adding value to your target audience can provide significant value and lead generation opportunities. The same can be said for utilising social media channels and personalised email marketing. b) Advantages of Traditional Marketing: New marketing methods do work and can increase a company’s client base, completely replacing traditional marketing with the latest marketing techniques can prove to be dangerous. Traditional methods have a high success rate and that is proven. Internet methods are subject to clients or customers having access to an online medium and being Internet savvy. With traditional marketing, anyone with a newspaper, mail service, television or radio can learn of your business or service. Rather than customers going online to find your business or service (and possibly stumbling on your competitor’s website), you bring your business or service to potential customers with print advertisements and other traditional methods. c) Disadvantages of Traditional Marketing Price: Traditional media buys are usually more expensive than newer forms of advertising. In addition to the cost of buying TV spots, you may need to pay for the development of your commercials. Harder to Target Audience Print and broadcast outlets provide media kits with audience demographics, but once a magazine is mailed, a paper is delivered or an ad is broadcast, you don’t know who actually read, saw or viewed your ad. Less Information The message you can deliver with traditional advertising is much more limited compared to newer forms of communications. If you can get people to your website with the click of a banner ad or link, you have almost unlimited opportunities to deliver page after page of information to customers. With print and broadcast, you must communicate your message within a few square inches of space or in 30 seconds. d) Disadvantages of Digital Marketing Lacking an actual presence: The customer struggles to actually feel or decide to try on the merchandise which may be a restriction for several products. Nevertheless a study of customers of cosmetics services and products suggests that e-mail marketing may be used to interest a customer to search well for a shop to get one of these solutions or even to consult with sales representatives. Hard to tell if individuals are lying: There’s too much informative data on the World Wide Web today, it’s often difficult to differentiate between quality and garbage. Lots of the garbage is directed at newcomers. Lots of Information: Once more we reach the section of their being truly a large amount of info on the World Wide Web. It might be too much good data as well. There is a lot of competition for a business, this can make a person more troubled than if there have been given lots of garbage. You will possibly not have the ability to tell whom to choose. CONCLUSION Traditional marketing and digital marketing are two different ways of advertisement that have been applied for marketers since the old ages till the current time. Considering the points we have covered above, we come to conclude that each type of marketing is effective depending of the person we are advertising it to. REFFERENCES: 1. http://www.businesszone.co.uk/blogs/robbo75/totally-digital-marketing/10-benefits-digital-marketing-v-traditional-marketing 2. http://digital-marketing-strategy.weebly.com/digital-marketing-vs-traditional-marketing.html 3. http://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-disadvantages-traditional-marketing-25573.html Valencia Higuera, n.d
Wednesday, October 23, 2019
Indian Ocean Region Essay
Change and Continuity of Commerce in the Indian Ocean Region from 650 CE to 1750 CE. The Indian Ocean has always been a powerful trading region, between East Africa and China, that has caused religion, crops, languages, and people to spread. Through the rise and fall of powerful land and sea empires, trade routes shifted and control switched hands numerous times over history. The goods have remained fairly constant, compared to the traders and the powers behind them that changed from 650 C.E. to 1750 C.E. Spices, textiles, manufactured goods, and raw goods were staples on the many of the routes that led from the coast of Zimbabwe all the way to the ports of China. Early traders from Polynesia even traveled to Madagascar. With the rise of Islam and of the Mongol Empire, overseas trade slowed slightly because of the importance of the Silk Road as the main connection between China and Europe. However, as the Mongols declined, the Indian Ocean trade became more important to the empires o r kingdoms of China and the regional powers of India. The Chinese Ming Dynasty engaged heavily in foreign trade and they displayed their wealth with giant treasure ships and junks that sailed the day from China through the port of Malacca to the east coast of India. The ships carried silk and porcelain, goods that were in high demand in Europe and Arabia. The ships also picked up spices and hardwoods from Southeast Asian islands. In India, the majority of these goods were sent on dhows to the Arabian Peninsula, stopping at major important ports like Aden, and then continuing on to East Africa and the Swahili Coast states of Mogadishu, Kilwa, and Sofala. The ships sailed according to the monsoons, they then returned loaded with gold and ivory from Africa, to China where the cycle would restart. Eventually states like Gujurat and Calicut grew in importance in manufacturing and the textile production of cotton. The powers around the Indian Ocean remained in control, until the arrival of Europeans in the 16th century. While Silk Road trade with Europe was thriving, Europeans wanted to cut out the Arab middlemen and get direct access to Asian goods. As the tools of navigation developed and new nation-states sought after trade and exploration, Portugal led the continent in the race to Asia. When Vasco da Gama reached India in 1498 by sailing around the tip of Africa, he was greeted with a mocking laughter of people he needed to trade with and was turned down most of the goods he had to trade. The powerful merchants of Gujarat and neighboring states were used to the highest quality goods so they did not want to trade with Gama’s poor quality goods. However, before long, Portugal took over almost all trade in the Indian Ocean, establishing ports like Goa in India and controlling strategic areas with their imperialistic manner. Around the same time, Britain also began its expansion and joined with joint-stock companies like the Dutch East India Company. They proceeded to dominate the region as well, taking land they thought suited their purposes. The sea empires and the cut off of foreign trade by the Ming dynasty did not greatly change the products traded, but did affect the overall trade system. Goods were now produced for the success of mercantilist people in European countries, not for the enrichment of local powers. While the trade routes and the goods that passed through them may not have been greatly changed, the impact of the European trading empires and the decline of nations like India and China changed who benefited from Indian Ocean trade and who were mostly involved.
Tuesday, October 22, 2019
Brazilian Government essays
Brazilian Government essays Brazil has established a federal republic government, which contains 26 states and one federal district. These states are Acre, Alagoas, Amapa, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceara, Distrito Federal (federal district), Espirito Santo, Goias, Marabhao, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Para, Paraiba, Parana, Pernambuco, Piaui, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondonia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Sergipe, and Tocantins. On September 7, 1822 Brazil gained it independence from Portugal. It then established its first of constitution on March 25, 1824. Brazil has had eight constitutions since its independence in 1822. The republican constitution publicized on February 24, 1891, this was very similar to the United States constitution, containing separation of powers, checks and balances, a bicameral legislature, federalism, and direct elections. The ideas of corporatism and centralization from Italy and Portugal influenced the 1934 and 1937 constitutions. Brazil then returned to a representative democracy in 1945-46 and produced a more balanced, liberal document, which maintained a considerable role for the state in the nations economy. Military rule after 1964 forced an unequal balance between relative democracy and the safeguards of a national security state, reflected in the 1967 and 1969 constitutions. At the current time an attempt to thoroughly revise the 1988 constitution was begun in February 1995. Some members of both houses would like to use he 1998 elections to again convoke a constitutional revision Congress in 1999, t o do a revision by a unicameral, absolute majority. Brazil has a government with three major branches: Executive branch, Legislative branch, and Judicial branch. In the executive branch Brazils chief of state is now President Fernando Henrique Cardoso, since January 5, 1995; with Vice President Marco Maciel a ...
Monday, October 21, 2019
Website implementation in a printing company
Website implementation in a printing company Website development for any growing company is of benefit especially due to the rapid globalization of companies. Most companies despite their size and location are fighting hard to reach the top in terms of providing their products and services to the whole world.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Website implementation in a printing company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Research done on most companies show that most companies have developed websites so as to be able to reach as many customers as possible. This is the case because of the high competition from companies dealing in related products or services and the need to globalise their company. Statistics show that there are an approximate 1.8 trillion internet users it the world as at December 2009. Asia was rated the highest continent in internet usage with 764 million users while china was rated the country with the largest population of internet us ers. This data indicates that over fifty percent of the world’s population has access to the internet. This means that any advertisement on the internet will reach a larger population as compared to regional or location advertisement using other ways such as newspapers or sales promotions. Websites are used by many companies as a means of communication as well as for the purpose of marketing and selling of services offered. A printing company is no exception since its services are demanded in almost all parts of the world. Implementation of a website in a printing company would definitely lead to increased sales of the company at the same time satisfying the customers (â€Å"World internet users†, 2010, p. 1). This is a recent development in the printing industry since it has been before thought to be a minute industry and available in almost every location. The idea of globalising such an industry through website development is beneficial because of the many advantage s related to website marketing. Some of these benefits have been reported to be satisfaction to the customers by adding value to the products or services offered. The website gives a site where the customers can be served at any time and day even if the printing shop is closed; they also get instant feedback without having to travel hence saving much of their time. The customers are able to view free tips and guidelines concerning the services they require. Websites have also been known to market companies, potential companies despite their location will be able to view the company through internet access (Duermyer, 2010, p. 1).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This reduces the cost of training sales personnel to advertise the company’s products or services and in turn saving the company lots of cash. The cost of printing pamphlets to be distributed to customers or advertising in newspapers, billboards, magazines will also be saved since marketing will be online. The printing company will have an automated system where the customers make their orders, receive services and pay for them electronically. Websites provide a simplified chain to be followed when purchasing or requesting for a service hence creating a room to attract as many customers as possible. All these benefits channel to increased sales of the company at the same time expanding it to operate globally. Apart from increasing sales, websites would show any recent changes and developments of the company to their customers, for example in cases of change of location or development of new products or services (Berry, 2010, p. 4). Reference List Berry, T. (2010). Print shop website business plan. Web. Duermyer, R. (2010). Internet Marketing. Web. Internet usage statistics. (2010). World internet users and population stats. Web.
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